
Gauranga (the golden one) refers to Lord Caitanya, who has a
fair complexion. The Lord's acceptance of the role of a devotee in the
eternal form of Lord Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu is another of the Lord's
wonderful features. A conditioned soul cannot reach the absolute
Personality of Godhead by his imperfect endeavor, therefore Lord Sri
Krsna, in the form of Lord Gauranga, has made it easy for everyone to
approach Him. As Lord Gauranga is the form of a devotee, Nityananda
Prabhu (a manifestation of Balarama) appears in the form of a
devotee's spiritual master. Together, they are referred to as Guru and
Gauranga, or Nitai-Gauranga.
Lord Caitanya and Nityananda are identified in sastra as Lord
Krsna and Balarama. In the Krsna Vrindaban incarnation, the two
brothers were engaged as cowherd boys and friends of the gopis, sons
of mother Yasoda and Nanda Maharaja. These same two brothers again
descended as Sri Krsna Caitanya-Nityananda, appearing simultaneously
in Bengal in order to dissipate the darkness of the whole human
society.
Nityananda Prabhu was born and raised in the village of Eka-
chakra in Bengal as the son of Padmavati and Hadai Pandita. He only
stayed at home until the age of 12 years, when a sannyasi came to the
house of Hadai Pandita, begging to have the pandita's son as his
brahmacari assistant. Hadai Pandita immediately agreed and delivered
his son to him, although the separation was greatly shocking, so much
so that Hadai lost his life after the separation.
Traveling with the sannyasi, Nityananda wandered to all the
major holy places of pilgrimage, behaving like an avadhuta, a divine
madman. During this time, he knew that Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu was
busy sporting his own childhood pastimes, and had not yet revealed his
true identity. It is said that for many days He lived at Mathura with
the sannyasi, and at that time He heard about Lord Caitanya
Mahaprabhu's pastimes in Navadvipa. When Sri Nityananda was touring
the sacred forests of Vrajha at the age of 20 years, he knew that it
was now time to join the preaching mission of Lord GauraChandra, who
had just recently began his ecstatic manifestations of divine love.
Therefore he quickly returned to Bengal and met Sri Mahaprabhu at the
house of Nandan Acharya in Navadvipa.
Understanding that Nityananda Prabhu had arrived, Lord
Caitanya sent His devotees to Him, and thus there was a meeting
between Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu and Nityananda Prabhu. One day, Lord
Caitanya Mahaprabhu exhibited to Lord Nityananda Prabhu a six-armed
form bearing a conchshell, disc, club, lotus flower, bow and flute.
Thereafter the Lord showed Him His four-armed form, standing in a
three-curved posture. With two hands He played upon a flute, and in
the other two He carried a conchshell and disc. Finally, the Lord
showed Nityananda Prabhu His two-armed form of Krsna, the son of
Maharaja Nanda, simply playing on His flute, His bluish body dressed
in yellow garments. Nityananda Prabhu then arranged to offer Vyasa-
puja, or worship of the spiritual master, to Lord Sri Gaurasundara.
But Lord Caitanya carried the plowlike weapon called musala in the
ecstasy of being Nityananda Prabhu.
Nityananda and Lord Gauranga enjoyed many preaching pastimes
together. In one famous pastime, they delivered the two rascals, Jagai
and Madhai. Jagai and Madhai were two brothers born in Navadvipa in a
respectable brahmana family who later became addicted to all kinds of
sinful activities. By the order of Lord Caitanya, both Nityananda
Prabhu and Haridasa Thakura used to preach the cult of Krsna
consciousness door to door. In the course of such preaching they found
Jagai and Madhai, two maddened drunken brothers, who, upon seeing
them, began to chase them. On the next day, Madhai struck Nityananda
Prabhu on the head with a piece of earthen pot, thus drawing blood.
When Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu heard of this, He immediately came to the
spot, ready to punish both brothers, but when the all-merciful Lord
Gauranga saw Jagai's repentant behavior, He immediately embraced him.
By seeing the Supreme Personality of Godhead face to face and
embracing Him, both the sinful brothers were at once cleansed. Thus
they received initiation into the chanting of the Hare Krsna maha-
mantra from the Lord and were delivered.
After Sri Mahaprabhu accepted the renounced order of life,
Lord Nityananda accompanied him on a trip to Jagannath Puri. On the
way, Nityananda detoured the Lord first through Shantipur to see Sri
Advaita Acharya. After taking sannyasa, the Lord wanted to start for
Vrndavana, and for three continuous days He traveled in the Radha-desa
(places where the Ganges does not flow). He was in full ecstasy over
the idea of going to Vrndavana. However, Srila Nityananda diverted His
path and brought Him instead to the house of Advaita Prabhu in
Santipura. The Lord stayed at Sri Advaita Prabhu's house for a few
days, and knowing well that the Lord was leaving His hearth and home
for good, Sri Advaita Prabhu sent His men to Navadvipa to bring mother
Saci to have a last meeting with her son. His mother met Him at the
house of Advaita Prabhu, and when she saw her son in sannyasa, she
lamented. By way of compromise, she requested her son to make His
headquarters in Puri so that she would easily be able to get
information about Him. The Lord granted this last desire of His
beloved mother. After this incident the Lord started for Puri, leaving
all the residents of Navadvipa in an ocean of lamentation over His
separation. After some time in Jagannatha Puri, Caitanya Mahaprabhu
sent Nityananda Prabhu back to Bengal to get married. Bengal was known
as Gauda-desa, and Lord Nityananda Prabhu overflooded this country
with the transcendental loving service of the Lord.
"....If one takes shelter of Lord Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu and
Nityananda, follows Their instructions to become more tolerant than
the tree and humbler than the grass, and in this way chants the holy
name of the Lord, very soon he achieves the platform of transcendental
loving service to the Lord, and tears appear in his eyes. There are
offenses to be considered in chanting the Hare Krsna maha-mantra, but
there are no such considerations in chanting the names of Gaura-
Nityananda. Therefore, if one chants the Hare Krsna maha-mantra but
his life is still full of sinful activities, it will be very difficult
for him to achieve the platform of loving service to the Lord. But if
in spite of being an offender one chants the holy names of Gaura-
Nityananda, he is very quickly freed from the reactions to his
offenses. Therefore, one should first approach Lord Caitanya and
Nityananda, or worship Guru-Gauranga, and then come to the stage of
worshiping Radha-Krsna. In our Krsna consciousness movement, our
students are first advised to worship Guru-Gauranga, and then, when
they are somewhat advanced, the Radha-Krsna Deity is installed, and
they are engaged in the worship of the Lord."
Caitanya-caritamrta, Adi lila 8:31
Bhaktivedanta Book Trust. HDG A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Srila
Prabhupada.